![]() #WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.As a result, when the war ended, “The division of territories of the Ottoman Empire was decided by the victors. “The Ottoman Empire joined the losing side,” he says. Instead, he argues, World War I triggered the empire’s disintegration. Mostafa Minawi, a historian at Cornell University, believes the Ottoman Empire had the potential to evolve into a modern multi-ethnic, multi-lingual federal state. If it weren’t for its fateful role in World War I, some even argue that the empire might have survived. In October 1918, the empire signed an armistice with Great Britain, and quit the war. Ultimately, the empire lost nearly a half a million soldiers, most of them to disease, plus about 3.8 million more who were injured or became ill. In the conflict that followed, the empire’s army fought a brutal, bloody campaign on the Gallipoli peninsula to protect Constantinople from invading Allied forces in 19. Before the war, the Ottoman Empire had signed a secret treaty with Germany, which turned out to be a very bad choice. Siding with Germany in World War I may have been the most significant reason for the Ottoman Empire’s demise. Tzar Nicholas II and his foreign minister, Sergei Sazanov, resisted the idea of negotiating a separate peace with the empire, which might have saved Russia. When the two empires took opposite sides in World War I, though, the Russians ended up collapsing first, in part because of the Ottoman forces prevented Russia from getting supplies from Europe via the Black Sea. “The Russian empire was the single greatest threat to the Ottoman empire, and it was a truly existential threat,” Reynolds says. Neighboring Czarist Russia, whose sprawling realm included Muslims as well, developed into an increasingly bitter rival. It faced a destructive rivalry with Russia. And the British and the French were eager to carve away territory controlled by the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East and North Africa. Russia and Austria both supported rebellious nationalists in the Balkans to further their own influence. The ambition of European powers also helped to hasten the Ottoman Empire’s demise, explains Eugene Rogan, director of the Middle East Centre at St. Other countries deliberately weakened it. After losing the losing the 1912-1913 Balkan Wars to a coalition that included some of its former imperial possessions, the empire was forced to give up its remaining European territory. The various peoples who were part of the empire grew more and more rebellious, and by the 1870s, the empire had to allow Bulgaria and other countries to become independent, and ceded more and more territory. “Homogenous societies democratize more easily than heterogenous ones.” ![]() “The odds probably would have been against it, because of the empire’s tremendous diversity in terms of ethnicity, language, economics, and geography,” he says. Even if outside powers hadn’t eventually undermined the empire, Reynolds doesn’t think that it could have remained intact and evolved into a modern democratic nation. ![]() At its apex, the Ottoman empire included Bulgaria, Egypt, Greece, Hungary, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel and the Palestinian territories, Macedonia, Romania, Syria, parts of Arabia and the north coast of Africa.
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